Inflammation of the urinary tract is not just a common problem in women;Half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less often due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic area, impurities in the urine.Therapy includes the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis?
A bacterial infection leads to a bladder infection.It occurs when pathogens enter the target organ via the urethra.The disease is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, so bladder infections occur less frequently in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
By observing simple rules of personal hygiene, a young man can avoid cystitis with almost 100% probability.The risk of disease increases with increasing age.Cystitis is often caused by other conditions such as urethral stricture, urolithiasis and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakened immunity is also a trigger, which is often caused by the use of cytostatics and hormonal preparations.
The cause of cystitis in women is an ascending infection from the urethra, vagina and anus, while in men it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems that lead to narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the disease.Obstruction of the urethra by foreign bodies, stones, diverticula (protrusions of the organ wall) and prostate adenoma can lead to cystitis.
Since it is difficult for an infection to penetrate a man's bladder, cystitis can occur against the background of other diseases such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis, and epididymitis.Genitourinary infection occurs when infection with ureaplasma, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), gonococci, mycoplasma, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, papilloma virus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, fungi (candidiasis), Klebsiella,Listeria or coliform bacteria.
The infection can also be of a descending nature if it is caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis can be bad habits, stress, poor nutrition and excessive physical activity.Although sinusitis, flu and chronic tonsillitis initially affect the respiratory tract, they can spread to other organs via the bloodstream and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This means that cystitis often occurs as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other factors contributing to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If an inflammatory process is suspected, treatment should not be delayed.In men, cystitis is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be recognized independently when:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- Burning when urinating;
- blood, mucus and pus in urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is determined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in an acute form is indicated by increased frequency of urination, difficulty and pain in the lower abdomen, and cloudy urine.When these phenomena occur, it is necessary to consult a urologist as soon as possible.Frequent urination is one of the main symptoms of a bladder infection, while going to the toilet can leak a very small amount of fluid and incontinence is common.
With a bladder infection, a man may have to strain to start urinating.There are also painful sensations, burning or stinging, which are particularly severe at the beginning and in the final stages of urination.The pain varies in severity and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penile, perineal and pubic areas.Symptoms of cystitis in men include increased body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills and decreased appetite.
In the hemorrhagic, gangrenous form of cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.It may contain blood and mucus and produce a pungent, unpleasant putrefactive odor.The amount of urine is reduced to 400 ml per day.Symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if the chronic form is observed.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly, and only mucus is present in the urine.This form of the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by minimal symptoms and often has a continuously stable or wavy course.So, the complications of cystitis in men in a chronic form are as follows:
- leukocyturia persists (increased number of leukocytes in urine);
- pyuria (presence of pus in urine);
- proteinuria (excretion of protein in the urine above normal);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (the presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
Spicy
This form of cystitis has extensive symptoms.The main manifestations indicating the acute phase are as follows:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominantly nocturnal diuresis);
- compelling urges;
- Stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, reduced ability to work;
- Pain, stinging and burning when urinating,
- Pain in the suprapubic area, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- Leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- Poisoning (with hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- Cloudy color of urine, foul smell of discharge, presence of cut and mucous impurities.
Treatment
To prevent cystitis, preventing cystitis in men is important.If, nevertheless, it was not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, you need to see a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist has taken a complete anamnesis and conducted examinations.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, requires hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.The following general therapies are recommended:
- Bed rest during the acute phase of the disease, taking antipyretic drugs, consuming large amounts of fluid (up to 2.5 liters per day), adhering to a diet without sour, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.After the pathogen is identified, antimicrobials are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.The medication is taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies are effective against cystitis.Herbal teas (bearberry, horsetail, lingonberry leaf) are helpful for this disease.Such medications have a supportive effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or fruit drink is beneficial;Tablets with cranberry extract are effective.Such drugs reduce the concentration of the antibiotic, so they can be used after treatment has ended.
- Antispasmodic medications and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can cause cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.Such funds help the body recover after a course of antibiotics.They are not directly involved in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens and probiotics restore intestinal flora.
- The course of treatment depends on concomitant diseases such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.In order to cure cystitis, therapy for these diseases is necessary.
- Bladder irrigation.In some cases, this procedure is recommended using antiseptics.The use of novocaine blockades is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute phase of the disease, ultrasound procedures, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy and electrophoresis are used to accelerate the body's recovery and resorption.